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Exploration geophysics is an applied branch of geophysics, which uses physical methods (such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic) at the surface of the Earth to measure the physical properties of the subsurface, along with the anomalies in those properties. It is most often used to detect or infer the presence and position of economically useful geological deposits, such as ore minerals; fossil fuels and other hydrocarbons; geothermal reservoirs; and groundwater reservoirs. Exploration geophysics can be used to directly detect the target style of mineralization, via measuring its physical properties directly. For example, one may measure the density contrasts between iron ore and silicate wall rocks, or may measure the electrical conductivity contrast between conductive sulfide minerals and barren silicate minerals. == Geophysical methods == The main techniques used are: # Seismic methods, such as reflection seismology, seismic refraction, and seismic tomography. # Geodesy and gravity techniques, including gravity gradiometry. # Magnetic techniques, including aeromagnetic surveys. # Electrical techniques, including electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization. # Electromagnetic methods, such as magnetotellurics, ground penetrating radar and transient/time-domain electromagnetics. # Borehole geophysics, also called well logging. # Remote sensing techniques, including hyperspectral imaging. Many other techniques, or methods of integration of the above techniques, have been developed and are currently used. However these are not as common due to cost-effectiveness, wide applicability and/or uncertainty in the results produced. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exploration geophysics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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